--- 1/draft-ietf-sipcore-status-unwanted-04.txt 2017-04-20 19:13:07.855364945 -0700 +++ 2/draft-ietf-sipcore-status-unwanted-05.txt 2017-04-20 19:13:07.879365517 -0700 @@ -1,42 +1,42 @@ SIPCORE H. Schulzrinne Internet-Draft FCC -Intended status: Standards Track March 2, 2017 -Expires: September 3, 2017 +Intended status: Standards Track April 19, 2017 +Expires: October 21, 2017 A SIP Response Code for Unwanted Calls - draft-ietf-sipcore-status-unwanted-04 + draft-ietf-sipcore-status-unwanted-05 Abstract - This document defines the 666 (Unwanted) SIP response code, allowing + This document defines the 607 (Unwanted) SIP response code, allowing called parties to indicate that the call or message was unwanted. SIP entities may use this information to adjust how future calls from this calling party are handled for the called party or more broadly. Status of This Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." - This Internet-Draft will expire on September 3, 2017. + This Internet-Draft will expire on October 21, 2017. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2017 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents @@ -53,48 +53,51 @@ 3. Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4. Behavior of SIP Entities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 5.1. SIP Response Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 5.2. SIP Global Feature-Capability Indicator . . . . . . . . . 5 6. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 7. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 8. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 8.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 8.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 + Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1. Introduction In many countries, an increasing number of calls are unwanted [RFC5039]: they might be fraudulent, illegal telemarketing or the receiving party does not want to be disturbed by, say, surveys or solicitation by charities. Carriers and other service providers may want to help their subscribers avoid receiving such calls, using a variety of global or user-specific filtering algorithms. One input into such algorithms is user feedback. User feedback may be offered through smartphone apps, APIs or within the context of a SIP- - initiated call. This document addresses only the last mode, where - the called party either rejects the SIP [RFC3261] request, typically - requests using the INVITE or MESSAGE methods, as unwanted or - terminates the session with a BYE request after answering the call. + initiated call. This document addresses feedback within the SIP + call. Here, the called party either rejects the SIP [RFC3261] + request as unwanted or terminates the session with a BYE request + after answering the call. INVITE and MESSAGE requests are most + likely to trigger such a response. + To allow the called party to express that the call was unwanted, this - document defines the 666 (Unwanted) response code. The called user - agent (UAS), based on input from the called party or some UA-internal - logic, uses this to indicate that this call is unwanted and that - future attempts are likely to be similarly rejected. While factors - such as identity spoofing and call forwarding may make authoritative - identification of the calling party difficult or impossible, the - network can use such a rejection -- possibly combined with a pattern - of rejections by other callees and/or other information -- as input - to a heuristic algorithm for determining future call treatment. The - heuristic processing and possible treatment of persistently unwanted - calls are outside the scope of this document. + document defines the 607 (Unwanted) response code. The user agent of + the called party, based on input from the called party or some UA- + internal logic, uses this to indicate that this call is unwanted and + that future attempts are likely to be similarly rejected. While + factors such as identity spoofing and call forwarding may make + authoritative identification of the calling party difficult or + impossible, the network can use such a rejection -- possibly combined + with a pattern of rejections by other callees and/or other + information -- as input to a heuristic algorithm for determining + future call treatment. The heuristic processing and possible + treatment of persistently unwanted calls are outside the scope of + this document. As in [I-D.ietf-stir-rfc4474bis], we use the term "caller identity" or "calling party identity" in this document to mean either a canonical address-of-record (AoR) SIP URI employed to reach a user (such as 'sip:alice@atlanta.example.com'), or a telephone number, which commonly appears in either a tel URI [RFC3966] or as the user portion of a SIP URI. 2. Normative Language @@ -106,171 +109,180 @@ 3. Motivation None of the existing 4xx, 5xx or 6xx response codes signify that this SIP request is unwanted by the called party. For example, 603 (Decline) might be used if the called party is currently at dinner or in a meeting, but does not want to indicate any specific reason. As described in Section 21.6.2 [RFC3261], a 603 response may include a Retry-After header field to indicate a better time to attempt the call. Thus, the call is rejected due to the called party's (temporary) disposition. As described in Section 4, the called party - invokes the "unwanted call" user interface and 666 (Unwanted) + invokes the "unwanted call" user interface and 607 (Unwanted) response indicating that it is instead the caller's identity that is causing the call to be rejected. The particular response code number was chosen to reflect the distaste felt by many upon receiving such calls. 4. Behavior of SIP Entities - The response code 666 MAY be used in a failure response for an + The response code 607 MAY be used in a failure response for an INVITE, MESSAGE, SUBSCRIBE or other out-of-dialog SIP request to indicate that the offered communication is unwanted. The response code MAY also be used as the value of the "cause" parameter of a SIP reason-value in a Reason header field [RFC3326], typically when the - UAS issues a BYE request terminating an incoming call or the UAC - issues a CANCEL request when forking a call. (Including a Reason - header field with the 666 status code allows the UAS that receives a - CANCEL request to make an informed choice whether and how to include - such calls in their missed-call list.) + called party user agent issues a BYE request terminating an incoming + call or a forking proxy issues a CANCEL request after receiving a 607 + response from one of the branches. (Including a Reason header field + with the 607 status code allows the called party user agent that + receives a CANCEL request to make an informed choice whether and how + to include such calls in their missed-call list or whether to show an + appropriate indication to the user.) The SIP entities receiving this response code are not obligated to take any particular action beyond those appropriate for 6xx responses. Following the default handling for 6xx responses in - [RFC5057], the 666 response destroys the transaction. The service + [RFC5057], the 607 response destroys the transaction. The service provider delivering calls or messages to the user issuing the - response, for example, MAY add the calling party to a personal - blacklist specific to the called party, MAY use the information as - input when computing the likelihood that the calling party is placing - unwanted calls ("crowd sourcing"), MAY initiate a traceback request, - and MAY report the calling party identity to government authorities. + response MAY take a range of actions, for example, add the calling + party to a personal blacklist specific to the called party, use the + information as input when computing the likelihood that the calling + party is placing unwanted calls ("crowd sourcing"), initiate a + traceback request, or report the calling party identity to consumer + complaint databases operated by government authorities. - This specification does not mandate any particular action by SIP - entities and leaves those to implementations. Call handling for - unwanted calls is likely to involve a combination of heuristics, - analytics, machine learning, based on user feedback, call - characteristics such as call duration and call volumes, as well - changes in such metrics. Implementations will have to make - appropriate trade-offs between falsely labeling a caller as unwanted - and delivering unwanted calls. The user experience is envisioned to - be somewhat similar to email spam buttons where the detailed actions - of the email provider remain opaque to the user. + The user experience is envisioned to be somewhat similar to email + spam buttons where the detailed actions of the email provider remain + opaque to the user. - Systems receiving 666 responses could decide to treat pre-call and + Call handling for unwanted calls is likely to involve a combination + of heuristics, analytics, and machine learning. These may use call + characteristics such as call duration and call volumes for a + particular caller, as well changes in those metrics over time, as + well as user feedback. Implementations will have to make appropriate + trade-offs between falsely labeling a caller as unwanted and + delivering unwanted calls. + + Systems receiving 607 responses could decide to treat pre-call and mid-call responses differently, given that the called party has had - access to call content for mid-call rejections. In other words, - depending on the implementation, the response code does not + access to call content for mid-call rejections. + + Depending on the implementation, the response code does not necessarily automatically block all calls from that caller identity. The same user interface action might also trigger addition of the caller identity to a local, on-device blacklist or graylist, e.g., causing such calls to be flagged or alerted with a different ring tone. The actions described here do not depend on the nature of the SIP URI, e.g., whether it describes a telephone number or not; however, the same anonymous SIP URI [RFC3323] may be used by multiple callers and thus such URIs are unlikely to be appropriate for URI-specific call treatment. SIP entities tallying responses for particular callers may need to consider canonicalzing SIP URIs, including telephone numbers, as described in [I-D.ietf-stir-rfc4474bis]. The calling party may be identified in different locations in the SIP header, e.g., the From header field, P-Asserted-Identity or History- Info, and may also be affected by diverting services. - This document defines a SIP feature-capability [RFC6809], sip.666, + This document defines a SIP feature-capability [RFC6809], sip.607, that allows the registrar to indicate that the corresponding proxy supports this particular response code. This allows the UA, for example, to provide a suitable user interface element, such as a "spam" button, only if its service provider actually supports the feature. The presence of the feature capability does not imply that the provider will take any particular action, such as blocking future calls. A UA may still decide to render a "spam" button even without such a capability if, for example, it maintains a device-local blacklist or reports unwanted calls to a third party. 5. IANA Considerations 5.1. SIP Response Code This document registers a new SIP response code. This response code is defined by the following information, which is to be added to the "Response Codes" sub-registry under http://www.iana.org/assignments/ sip-parameters. - Response Code Number 666 + Response Code Number 607 Default Reason Phrase Unwanted Reference [this RFC] 5.2. SIP Global Feature-Capability Indicator - This document defines the feature capability sip.666 in the "SIP + This document defines the feature capability sip.607 in the "SIP Feature-Capability Indicator Registration Tree" registry defined in [RFC6809]. - Name sip.666 + Name sip.607 - Description This feature-capability indicator when used in a - REGISTER response indicates that the server will process the 666 - response code. This does not imply any specific action. + Description This feature-capability indicator, when included in a + Feature-Caps header field of a REGISTER response, indicates that + the server supports, and will process, the 607 (Unwanted) response + code. Reference [this RFC] 6. Security Considerations If the calling party address is spoofed, users may report the caller identity as placing unwanted calls, possibly leading to the blocking of calls from the legitimate user of the caller identity in addition to the unwanted caller, i.e., creating a form of denial-of-service attack. Thus, the response code SHOULD NOT be used for creating global call filters unless the calling party identity has been authenticated using [I-D.ietf-stir-rfc4474bis] as being assigned to the caller placing the unwanted call. (The creation of call filters local to a user agent is beyond the scope of this document.) Even if the identity is not spoofed, a call or message recipient - might flag legitimate caller identities, e.g., to extract vengeance - on a person or business, or simply by mistake. To correct errors, - any additions to a personal list of blocked caller identities should - be observable and reversible by the party being protected by the + might flag legitimate caller identities, e.g., to exact vengeance on + a person or business, or simply by mistake. To correct errors, any + additions to a personal list of blocked caller identities should be + observable and reversible by the party being protected by the blacklist. For example, the list may be shown on a web page or the subscriber may be notified by periodic email reminders. Any additions to a global or carrier-wide list of unwanted callers needs to consider that any user-initiated mechanism will suffer from an unavoidable rate of false positives and tailor their algorithms accordingly, e.g., by comparing the fraction of delivered calls for a particular caller that are flagged as unwanted rather than just the absolute number, and considering time-weighted filters that give more credence to recent feedback. Since caller identities are routinely re-assigned to new subscribers, algorithms are advised to consider whether the caller identity has been re-assigned to a new subscriber and possibly reset any related - rating. + rating. (In some countries, there are services that track which + telephone numbers have been disconnected before they are re-assigned + to a new subscriber.) - Some call services such as 3PCC [RFC3725] and call transfer increase - the complexity of identifying who (if anyone) should be impacted by - the receipt of 666 within BYE. Such services might cause the wrong - party to be flagged or prevent flagging the desired party. + Some call services such as 3PCC [RFC3725] and call transfer [RFC3665] + increase the complexity of identifying who (if anyone) should be + impacted by the receipt of 607 within BYE. Such services might cause + the wrong party to be flagged or prevent flagging the desired party. For both individually-authenticated and unauthenticated calls, - recipients of response code 666 may want to distinguish responses + recipients of response code 607 may want to distinguish responses sent before and after the call has been answered, ascertaining whether either response timing suffers from a lower false-positive rate. 7. Acknowledgements - Tolga Asveren, Peter Dawes, Martin Dolly, Keith Drage, Vijay Gurbani, - Olle Johansson, Paul Kyzivat, Jean Mahoney, Marianne Mohali, Brian - Rosen, Brett Tate, Chris Wendt and Dale Worley provided helpful - comments. + Tolga Asveren, Ben Campbell, Peter Dawes, Martin Dolly, Keith Drage, + Vijay Gurbani, Christer Holmberg, Olle Johansson, Paul Kyzivat, Jean + Mahoney, Marianne Mohali, Adam Montville, Al Morton, Denis Ovsienko, + Brian Rosen, Brett Tate, Chris Wendt, Dale Worley and Peter Yee (Gen- + ART reviewer) provided helpful comments. 8. References 8.1. Normative References [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, . @@ -297,20 +309,25 @@ Peterson, J., Jennings, C., Rescorla, E., and C. Wendt, "Authenticated Identity Management in the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)", draft-ietf-stir-rfc4474bis-16 (work in progress), February 2017. [RFC3323] Peterson, J., "A Privacy Mechanism for the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)", RFC 3323, DOI 10.17487/RFC3323, November 2002, . + [RFC3665] Johnston, A., Donovan, S., Sparks, R., Cunningham, C., and + K. Summers, "Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Basic Call + Flow Examples", BCP 75, RFC 3665, DOI 10.17487/RFC3665, + December 2003, . + [RFC3725] Rosenberg, J., Peterson, J., Schulzrinne, H., and G. Camarillo, "Best Current Practices for Third Party Call Control (3pcc) in the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)", BCP 85, RFC 3725, DOI 10.17487/RFC3725, April 2004, . [RFC3966] Schulzrinne, H., "The tel URI for Telephone Numbers", RFC 3966, DOI 10.17487/RFC3966, December 2004, .