--- 1/draft-ietf-mboned-ipv4-uni-based-mcast-02.txt 2007-03-07 17:13:11.000000000 +0100 +++ 2/draft-ietf-mboned-ipv4-uni-based-mcast-03.txt 2007-03-07 17:13:11.000000000 +0100 @@ -1,209 +1,219 @@ -Network Working Group Dave Thaler +Network Working Group D. Thaler Internet-Draft Microsoft -Expires: April 2005 October 18, 2004 +Expires: September 5, 2007 March 4, 2007 Unicast-Prefix-based IPv4 Multicast Addresses - + draft-ietf-mboned-ipv4-uni-based-mcast-03.txt Status of this Memo -By submitting this Internet-Draft, I certify that any applicable -patent or other IPR claims of which I am aware have been -disclosed, or will be disclosed, and any of which I become aware -will be disclosed, in accordance with RFC 3668. + By submitting this Internet-Draft, each author represents that any + applicable patent or other IPR claims of which he or she is aware + have been or will be disclosed, and any of which he or she becomes + aware will be disclosed, in accordance with Section 6 of BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet- Drafts. -Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six -months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other -documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet- -Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work -in progress." + Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months + and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any + time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference + material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at -http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt + http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt. The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html. + This Internet-Draft will expire on September 5, 2007. + Copyright Notice -Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2004). All Rights Reserved. + Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2007). Abstract -This specification defines an extension to the multicast -addressing architecture of the IP Version 4 protocol. The -extension presented in this document allows for unicast-prefix- -based allocation of multicast addresses. By delegating multicast -addresses at the same time as unicast prefixes, network operators -will be able to identify their multicast addresses without needing -to run an inter-domain allocation protocol. - -1. Introduction - -RFC 3180 [GLOP] defined an experimental allocation mechanism in -233/8 whereby an Autonomous System (AS) number is embedded in the -middle 16 bits of an IPv4 multicast address, resulting in 256 -multicast addresses per AS. Advantages of this mechanism include -the ability to get multicast address space without an inter-domain -multicast address allocation protocol, and the ease of determining -the AS of the owner of an address for debugging and auditing -purposes. + This specification defines an extension to the multicast addressing + architecture of the IP Version 4 protocol. The extension presented + in this document allows for unicast-prefix-based allocation of + multicast addresses. By delegating multicast addresses at the same + time as unicast prefixes, network operators will be able to identify + their multicast addresses without needing to run an inter-domain + allocation protocol. -Some disadvantages of GLOP include: +Table of Contents -o there is work in progress [AS4B] on expanding the size of an - AS number to 4 bytes, and GLOP cannot work with such AS's. + 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 + 2. Address Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 + 3. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 + 4. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 + 5. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 + Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 + Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . . . . 6 -o when an AS covers multiple sites or organizations, - administration of the multicast address space within an AS - must be handled by other mechanisms, such as manual - administrative effort or MADCAP [MADCAP]. +1. Introduction -o during debugging, identifying the AS does not immediately - identify the owning organization, when an AS covers multiple - organizations. + RFC 3180 [RFC3180] defined an experimental allocation mechanism + (called "GLOP") in 233/8 whereby an Autonomous System (AS) number is + embedded in the middle 16 bits of an IPv4 multicast address, + resulting in 256 multicast addresses per AS. Advantages of this + mechanism include the ability to get multicast address space without + an inter-domain multicast address allocation protocol, and the ease + of determining the AS of the owner of an address for debugging and + auditing purposes. + Some disadvantages of GLOP include: + o there is work in progress [AS4B] on expanding the size of an AS + number to 4 bytes, and GLOP cannot work with such AS's. + o when an AS covers multiple sites or organizations, administration + of the multicast address space within an AS must be handled by + other mechanisms, such as manual administrative effort or MADCAP + [RFC2730]. + o during debugging, identifying the AS does not immediately identify + the owning organization, when an AS covers multiple organizations. o only 256 addresses are automatically available per AS, and obtaining any more requires administrative effort. -More recently, a mechanism [V6UPBM] has been developed for IPv6 -which provides a multicast range to every IPv6 subnet, which is at -a much finer granularity than an AS. As a result, the first three -disadvantages above are avoided (and the last disadvantage does -not apply to IPv6 due to the extended size of the address space). + More recently, a mechanism [RFC3306] has been developed for IPv6 + which provides a multicast range to every IPv6 subnet, which is at a + much finer granularity than an AS. As a result, the first three + disadvantages above are avoided (and the last disadvantage does not + apply to IPv6 due to the extended size of the address space). Another advantage of providing multicast space to every subnet (rather than just to an entire AS) is that multicast address allocation within the range need only be coordinated within the subnet. -This draft specifies a mechanism similar to [V6UPBM], whereby a + This draft specifies a mechanism similar to [RFC3306], whereby a range of IPv4 multicast address space is provided to most IPv4 -subnets. A resulting advantage over GLOP is that the mechanisms -in IPv4 and IPv6 become more similar. + subnets. A resulting advantage over GLOP is that the mechanisms in + IPv4 and IPv6 become more similar. This document proposes an experimental method of statically allocating multicast addresses with global scope. As described in -section 4, this experiment will last for a period of one year, but -may be extended. + section Section 4, this experiment will last for a period of one + year, but may be extended. 2. Address Space -(RFC-editor: replace TBD below with IANA-assigned value, and -delete this note.) + (RFC-editor: replace TBD below with IANA-assigned value, and delete + this note.) -A multicast address with the prefix TBD/8 indicates that the -address is a Unicast-Based Multicast (UBM) address. The -remaining 24 bits can be used as follows: + A multicast address with the prefix TBD/8 indicates that the address + is a Unicast-Based Multicast (UBM) address. The remaining 24 bits + can be used as follows: Bits: | 8 | Unicast Prefix Length | 24 - Unicast Prefix Length | +-----+-----------------------+----------------------------+ Value: | TBD | Unicast Prefix | Group ID | +-----+-----------------------+----------------------------+ -For subnets with a /24 or shorter prefix, the unicast prefix of -the subnet is appended to the common /8. Any remaining bits may -be locally assigned by hosts within the link (e.g., using manual -configuration). Individual subnets with a prefix length longer -than 24 do not receive any multicast address space from this -mechanism; in such cases, MADCAP may be used. + For subnets with a /24 or shorter prefix, the unicast prefix of the + subnet is appended to the common /8. Any remaining bits may be + locally assigned by hosts within the link (e.g., using manual + configuration). Individual subnets with a prefix length longer than + 24 do not receive any multicast address space from this mechanism; in + such cases, another mechanism must be used. Compared to GLOP, an AS will receive more address space via this mechanism if it has more than a /16 for unicast space. An AS will -receive less address space than it does from GLOP if it has less -than a /16. + receive less address space than it does from GLOP if it has less than + a /16. -The owner of a UBM address can be determined by taking the -multicast address, shifting it left by 8 bits, and identifying the -owner of the address space covering the resulting unicast address. + The owner of a UBM address can be determined by taking the multicast + address, shifting it left by 8 bits, and identifying the owner of the + address space covering the resulting unicast address. 3. Security Considerations -The same well known intra-domain security techniques can be -applied as with GLOP. Furthermore, when dynamic allocation is -used within a prefix, the approach described here may have the -effect of reduced exposure to denial of space attacks, since the -topological area within which nodes compete for addresses within -the same prefix is reduced from an entire AS to only within an -individual subnet. + The same well known intra-domain security techniques can be applied + as with GLOP. Furthermore, when dynamic allocation is used within a + prefix, the approach described here may have the effect of reduced + exposure to denial of space attacks, since the topological area + within which nodes compete for addresses within the same prefix is + reduced from an entire AS to only within an individual subnet. 4. IANA Considerations -IANA should assign a /8 in the IPv4 multicast address space for -this purpose. + IANA should assign a /8 in the IPv4 multicast address space for this + purpose. -This assignment should timeout one year after the assignment is -made. The assignment may be renewed at that time. + This assignment should timeout one year after the assignment is made. + The assignment may be renewed at that time. -5. Author's Address +5. Informative References + + [AS4B] Vohra, Q. and E. Chen, "BGP Support for Four-octet AS + Number Space", February 2007, . + + [RFC2730] Hanna, S., Patel, B., and M. Shah, "Multicast Address + Dynamic Client Allocation Protocol (MADCAP)", RFC 2730, + December 1999. + + [RFC3180] Meyer, D. and P. Lothberg, "GLOP Addressing in 233/8", + BCP 53, RFC 3180, September 2001. + + [RFC3306] Haberman, B. and D. Thaler, "Unicast-Prefix-based IPv6 + Multicast Addresses", RFC 3306, August 2002. + +Author's Address Dave Thaler Microsoft Corporation One Microsoft Way - Redmond, WA 98052-6399 - Phone: +1 425 703 8835 - EMail: dthaler@microsoft.com - -6. Informative References - -[AS4B] - Vohra, Q. and E. Chen, "BGP support for four-octet AS number - space", draft-ietf-idr-as4bytes-08.txt, Work in progress, - March 2004. + Redmond, WA 98052 + USA -[GLOP] - Meyer, D. and P. Lothberg, "GLOP Addressing in 233/8", RFC - 3180, September 2001. + Phone: +1 425 703 8835 + Email: dthaler@microsoft.com -[MADCAP] - Hanna, S, Patel, B. and M. Shah, "Multicast Address Dynamic - Client Allocation Protocol (MADCAP)", RFC 2730, December - 1999. +Full Copyright Statement -[V6UPBM] - Haberman, B. and D. Thaler, "Unicast-Prefix-based IPv6 - Multicast Addresses", RFC 3306, August 2002. + Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2007). -7. Full Copyright Statement Copyright (C) The Internet Society -(2004). This document is subject to the rights, licenses and -restrictions contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, -the authors retain all their rights. + This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions + contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors + retain all their rights. -This document and the information contained herein are provided on -an "AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE -REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND -THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, -EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT -THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR -ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A -PARTICULAR PURPOSE. + This document and the information contained herein are provided on an + "AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS + OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY, THE IETF TRUST AND + THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS + OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF + THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED + WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. -8. 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